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\IBVShead{5671}{6 January 2006}

\IBVStitletl{Southern Cool Stars Misclassified as Carbon Stars}

\IBVSauth{MacConnell, D. J.}

\IBVSinsto{Science Programs, Computer Sciences Corporation, Space 
Telescope Science Institute, 3700 San Martin Drive,
Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA; email: jack@stsci.edu}


\SIMBADobj{CGCS 2054}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 2088}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 2157}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 2207}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 2310}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 2350}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 2382}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 2441}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 2529}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 2545}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 2564}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 2625}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 2633}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 2634}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 2652}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 3069}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 3100}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 3357}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 3381}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 3462}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 3655}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 3804}
\SIMBADobj{CGCS 3841}
 
\IBVSkey{spectra, carbon stars}

\IBVSabs{We report a list of 24 red stars classified as carbon stars by}
\IBVSabs{one author. Close examination of them on near-IR objective-prism}
\IBVSabs{plates reveals that they are of M type or earlier.}
\IBVSabs{Three are variable in the ASAS-3 Catalog.}


\begintext

\vspace*{-1cm}
Recently it was found that a number of stars in the third edition of the General
Catalog of Galactic Carbon Stars (CGCS; Alksnis et al. 2001) and its earlier 
editions have either the TiO absorption bands of M stars or no bands at all
indicating that they are not carbon stars.  They were called carbon stars by
Wray (1966) on the basis of objective-prism spectra exposed on Kodak 103a-E
plates taken by K.G. Henize at the Lamont-Hussey Observatory, Bloemfontein, 
South Africa in the early 1950's.  In that spectral region, the Swan bands of
C$_2$ define the carbon stars, and there are 144 stars in the CGCS attributed
to Wray.  Of these, 104 were found independently by others, so there is little 
reason to question their nature.  Following a request of Brian Skiff, I 
examined two of the `Wray-only' stars on my collection of Curtis Schmidt 
objective-prism, near-IR plates (see MacConnell et al. 1992 for a detailed 
description) on which carbon stars have prominent CN bands near 0.79~$\mu$m
and found that they are M stars.  I therefore examined the remaining 21 stars
of Wray that fall in the area covered by my plates and found that all are either
 M stars or have no molecular absorption bands and hence are not carbon stars. 
 They are listed in Table 1 under 
their CGCS number with the spectral type assigned by me.  Nos. 2382, 3100, and
3841 have been assigned to the `Miscellaneous' variable class in the All-Sky 
Automated Survey-3 Catalog ({\tt http://www.astrouw.edu.pl/$\sim$gp/asas/asas.html};
 Pojmanski 2002), 
and no. 3841 has been classified both as M1 and M3
 by Raharto et al. (1984; their Tables 5 and 4, respectively).
 There is no carbon star at 
or near the position of CGCS 3381, and the carbon star entry has been eliminated 
from the SIMBAD database.  Finally, CGCS 2207, found solely by Henize
(unpublished) on the same plates, was not found on my plates and is probably
identical to CGCS 2200 as suggested by Stephenson in his notes to the 
second edition of the CGCS.     


\vfill\eject
\centerline{{\bf Table 1.} M stars erroneously listed as carbon stars.\label{tbl-1}}
\vskip 3mm
\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ccc}
\hline
CGCS No.  & Spec. Type  & ASAS-3 Var. ID \\ 
\hline
2054      & M3  & $-$ \\ 
2088      & M5  & $-$ \\  
2157      & M3  & $-$ \\
2310      & M5  & $-$ \\
2340      & M6  & $-$ \\
2350      & M6  & $-$ \\
2382      & M4  & 085405-4539.7 \IBVSshortlink{http://www.astrouw.edu.pl/cgi-asas/asas_variable/085405-4539.7,asas3,0,0,500,0,0}{ASAS3 data} \\  
2441      & M3  & $-$ \\
2529      & $<$M2 & $-$ \\
2545      & M4  & $-$ \\
2564      & M4  & $-$ \\
2625      & M3  & $-$ \\
2633      & M4  & $-$ \\
2634      & M5  & $-$ \\
2652      & M7  & $-$ \\
3069      & $<$M2 & $-$ \\
3100      & M5  & 114613-5704.1 \IBVSshortlink{http://www.astrouw.edu.pl/cgi-asas/asas_variable/114613-5704.1,asas3,0,0,500,0,0}{ASAS3 data} \\
3357      & M3  & $-$ \\
3381      & blank & $-$ \\
3462      & $<$M2 & $-$ \\
3655      & M4  & $-$ \\
3804      & $<$M2 & $-$ \\
3841      & M3  & 173228-3403.2 \IBVSshortlink{http://www.astrouw.edu.pl/cgi-asas/asas_variable/173228-3403.2,asas3,0,0,500,0,0}{ASAS3 data} \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}


\bigskip

{\bf Acknowledgements:} I wish to thank Brian A. Skiff of the Lowell 
Observatory for many helpful communications. This research has made use 
of the SIMBAD and 
VizieR databases operated at the Centre 
de Donn\'{e}es Astronomiques de Strasbourg, France and
 was done under the research program
for CSC astronomers at STScI which is operated
by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc.,
under NASA contract NAS 5-26555.


\references

Alksnis, A., Balklavs, A., Dzervitis, U., Eglitis ,I., Paupers, O.,
Pundure, I., 2001, {\it Baltic Astronomy}, {\bf 10}, 1, (no. 1/2), 
General Catalog of Galactic Carbon Stars

MacConnell, D.J., Wing, R.F., Costa, E., 1992, {\it AJ}, {\bf 104}, 821

Pojmanski, G. 2002, {\it Acta Astronomica}, {\bf 52}, 397  

Raharto, M., Hamajima, K., Ichikawa, T., Ishida, K., Hidayat, B., 1984,
{\it Ann. Tokyo Astron. Obs.}, {\bf 19}, 469

Wray, J.D. 1966, unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Northwestern University


\endreferences

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